Third & Mixed Conditionals — Geçmişe Dair Hayalî Koşul (-saydı ...ırdı)
Third Conditional, geçmişte olmamış bir durumu ve onun hayalî sonucunu anlatır: Türkçedeki '-saydı ...ırdı / -mış olurdu' (erken çıksaydık treni kaçırmazdık). Mixed Conditional ise geçmişteki bir koşulun şimdiki sonucunu (ya da tersini) anlatır. Pişmanlık, eleştiri ve 'keşke' tarzı düşünceler için kullanılır.
Ne zaman kullanılır?
Geçmişte olmamış durum ve hayalî sonucu
If we had left earlier, we wouldn't have missed the train.
Pişmanlık ifade etme
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
Şükran/rahatlama ifade etme
If you hadn't helped me, I would have failed.
Mixed: geçmiş koşul → şimdiki sonuç
If I had taken that job, I would be living in London now.
Mixed: şimdiki durum → geçmiş sonuç
If I weren't so shy, I would have spoken to her at the party.
Yapı
| Tür | Formül | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Olumlu | If + had + V3, subject + would have + V3 | If she had asked me, I would have helped. |
| Olumsuz | If + hadn't + V3, subject + wouldn't have + V3 | If it hadn't rained, we wouldn't have stayed in. |
| Soru | What would + subject + have + V3 + if + had + V3? | What would you have done if you hadn't met me? |
İşaret kelimeleri: ifhad + V3would havecould havemight haveif onlyotherwisebut for
Türklerin sık yaptığı hatalar
✗ If I would have known, I would have come.
✓ If I had known, I would have come.
'If' tarafında 'would have' kullanılmaz; 'had + V3' gelir.
✗ If I had known, I would came.
✓ If I had known, I would have come.
Sonuç kısmı 'would have + V3' şeklindedir.
✗ If you told me yesterday, I would have helped.
✓ If you had told me yesterday, I would have helped.
Geçmişteki gerçek dışı koşul için Past Perfect gerekir.
✗ If I had taken the job, I would have been rich now.
✓ If I had taken the job, I would be rich now.
'Now' şimdiki sonucu gösterir; Mixed Conditional'da sonuç kısmı 'would + V1' olur.
Konuşmada nasıl kullanılır?
- Konuşmada 'would have' /wʊdəv/ ('would've') diye okunur, 'had' ise 'I'd' olur: 'If I'd known, I would've come.' Dikkat: yazarken 'would of' asla yazılmaz!
- Aynı cümlede iki tane 'd' olabilir: 'If I'd known, I'd have called.' Birincisi 'had', ikincisi 'would'.
- Partnerinize teşekkür ederken çok etkilidir: 'If you hadn't been there, I don't know what I would've done.'
- Mixed conditional ile hayat seçimlerinizi konuşabilirsiniz: 'If we hadn't met, I'd probably be living in another city now.'
Konuşma görevi
Hayatınızdaki önemli dönüm noktalarını konuşun: 'Eğer o gün öyle olmasaydı ne olurdu?' Her biriniz en az iki Third ve bir Mixed Conditional kullansın. Sorular: 'What would have happened if we hadn't met?', 'If you had chosen a different university, where would you be now?', 'What would you have done differently last year?', 'If you could have changed one decision in your life, what would it have been?'
Kendinizi test edin
-
1. If I ___ about the party, I would have come.
- A) knew
- B) had known
- C) would know
- D) have known
Cevabı göster
B) had known — Third Conditional: If + had + V3.
-
2. If she had taken the taxi, she ___ the meeting.
- A) wouldn't miss
- B) won't have missed
- C) wouldn't have missed
- D) didn't miss
Cevabı göster
C) wouldn't have missed — Geçmişe dair hayalî sonuç: wouldn't have + V3.
-
3. If I had saved more money last year, I ___ on holiday now.
- A) would be
- B) would have been
- C) will be
- D) had been
Cevabı göster
A) would be — Mixed: geçmiş koşul → şimdiki sonuç ('now'): would be.
-
4. Which sentence is correct?
- A) If you would have told me, I would have helped.
- B) If you told me, I would have help.
- C) If you had told me, I would of helped.
- D) If you had told me, I would have helped.
Cevabı göster
D) If you had told me, I would have helped. — If + had + V3, would have + V3. 'Would of' yazımı yanlıştır.
-
5. In 'If I'd seen him, I'd have said hello', the two 'd's mean:
- A) had / would
- B) would / had
- C) would / would
- D) had / had
Cevabı göster
A) had / would — İlk 'd' koşulda 'had', ikincisi sonuçta 'would'.
-
6. If I weren't afraid of flying, I ___ to Australia with you last year.
- A) would go
- B) would have gone
- C) will go
- D) went
Cevabı göster
B) would have gone — Mixed: şimdiki kalıcı durum (korkum var) → geçmişteki sonuç: would have gone.